倒F型天线
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倒F型天线(英语:inverted-F antenna)是用于无线通讯的一种天线,主要运作于特高频和微波频率。构造包含导电的接地平面以及一个与之平行的单极天线。相对于简易版的单极天线,此设计有两个好处:第一,这种天线的长度较短且体积更加小巧,可被安装在行动装置中。第二,这种天线无需其他元件即可透过设计与馈电电路达成阻抗匹配,提高效率。
与倒F型天线有关的构想最早出现在1950年代,当时构想的是一个立体的弯折天线。然而,如今倒F型天线最为广泛的应用形式是平面倒F型天线(英语:planar inverted-F antenna,PIFA)。其接地平面和天线平行于一平面上,大幅节省了立体空间,小巧的尺寸使其能够融入于行动通讯装置中。PIFA能被以微带线形式印刷在电路板上。
PIFA是一种贴片天线。许多的贴片天线(包含PIFA)都可实现宽频和多频功能,实现方式包含使用耦合谐振器(coupled resonator)或是在天线上打洞。
发展与历史
倒F型天线是由广受使用的四分之一波长(quarter-wave)单极天线演变而来,其构造包含一个接地平面以及一个直立于平面上的杆状天线,天线由底部接受馈电。最早具有F状造型的天线于1940年代被发明,[1]这个天线从位于中间位置的分支接受馈电,而其底部则连接到接地平面。从馈电线一直到接地平面这个区段的天线具有短截线的作用。只要调整这个区段的长度,就能够改变天线的输入阻抗,因此设计者可以透过改变馈电点位置来达成阻抗匹配。
注脚
- ^ Waterhouse & Novak, p. 19
参考书目
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- Liu, Z. D.; Hall, P. S.; Wake, D., "Dual frequency planar inverted F antenna", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 45, iss. 10, pp. 1451–1458, October 1997.
- Petosa, Aldo, Frequency-Agile Antennas for Wireless Communications, Artech House, 2013 ISBN 1608077691.
- Prasad, Shiela; King, Ronold W. P., "Experimental study of inverted L-, T-, and related transmission-line antennas" (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 449–454, September–October 1961.
- Sánchez-Hernández, David A., Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals, Artech House, 2008 ISBN 1596933984.
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